Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic lung condition that can cause persistent cough, mucus production, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor, although COPD can have other causes.

Management may include pulmonary function testing, inhaled medications, smoking cessation, vaccinations, exercise recommendations, and specialist referral when appropriate.